Transformers movie & comic book PowerPoint Presentation

Transformers film and comic book - PowerPoint Presentation Example In any case, this never renders the comic books second rate, in light of the fact that in spite of the impact of film sway, the comic books are as yet hot cakes with regards to deals. The significant contrasts that one can recognize in the film and the comic book medium would be the impacts and the consideration they snatch. It very well may be additionally seen that however the comic comes up short on certain components that a film ordinarily has, it succeeded prevailing upon the hearts of numerous perusers yet anyway there are some significant contrasts and some fascinating perspectives that must be ascribed to the film medium. The comic medium sooner or later neglects to convey the feelings as much as a film does, since with perusing one confines himself to his extent of creative mind. This degree has been enhanced with all the specialized impacts including the sound, music, regulations of discourse and including a feeling of our quality, making film an increasingly intelligent me dium. Ang Lee’s â€Å"The Hulk† has seen incredible achievement both as comic and film and he had consolidated both these media with extraordinary craftsmanship and eloquent comprehension of the story. The comic, as one peruses gravitates toward consideration and keeps up an amazing anticipation all through the book and this in actuality appears in the film also, with perfect portrayal and Ang Lee guaranteed that each character that he depicted in the film was of no less stunningness that he delineated in the comic.

Should Parents Be Required to Immunize Their Children free essay sample

The fundamental objective of vaccinationsis to invigorate the safe framework to some disease without experiencing characteristic contamination (Payette and Davis 2001). In a timeframe before the development of preventable treatments, such maladies as diphtheria, measles, smallpox and pertussis were the main sources of kids passings. For instance, somewhat more than a century prior the baby death rate in the USA was 200 for every 1000 live birth, while in 2006,according to the UN Population Prospects, it was 6. per 1000 live births. Be that as it may, barely any guardians perceive the conceivable damage of immunizations. Inoculation isn't without dangers, since unfavorable occasions might be seen after any immunization. Since 1990, Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) in the USA got from 12 000 to 14 000 reports of hospitalization, wounds and passings after inoculation. Besides, just 10 % of specialists make reports to VAERS. That implies each year there are more than 1 mill ion individuals in the U. S. harmed by inoculation (Murphy 2002). As of late, a worry in regards to both the wellbeing and need of specific vaccinations has been raised, since the quantity of new antibodies had risenover the previous two decades. We will compose a custom article test on Should Parents Be Required to Immunize Their Children? or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This is upheld by Murphy (2002) who claims thata kid takes 37 portions of eleven unique immunizations during his initial five years of life. For sure, on the grounds that antibodies are generally utilized and there are laws in numerous nations worldwide that make vaccination necessary so as to enter kindergarten and school, it is basic to focus on the adequacy and reactions of the immunizations (Stratton et. al. 2003). So as to get this, it is important to lookfirstly at the historical backdrop of antibody improvement and its procedure of shielding people from getting infections, and afterward in danger benefits appraisal by considering two cases either making vaccination mandatory or giving guardians a decision. It is contended that laws making guardians obliged to inoculate kids should remain the equivalent since the advantages held by vaccination exceed its dangers. The historical backdrop of the development and spread of inoculation begins with Edward Jenner from Gloucestershire, England, who did the main effective vaccination in 1796 (Stern, Markel 2005). Prior to this, it was seen in Great Britain that the instances of smallpox among milkmaids, who had pits on their hands after cowpox disease, were the least. Edward Jenner took the discharge from the sore of the hand of milkmaid Sara Nelmesand went into the multi year old kid James Phipps. This brought about no disease subsequent to immunizing this kid with smallpox a month and a half after the main immunization. After that numerous researchers made their own commitments bringing about formulating of immunizations against cholera in 1896, the plague in 1897, flu antibody in 1936 and yellow fever in 1937. The presentation of triple Measles-Mumps-Rubella antibody in 1969 is as yet speaking to the foundation of inoculation pediatrics since now a solitary immunization could give invulnerability to three distinct sicknesses (Payette and Davis 2001). All antibodies operatein comparable ways. Through vaccination the living being gets a specific measure of either live or dead microorganisms, contingent upon the sort of antibody, that are the reasons for the pathogenic disease (The Meningitis Trust 2008). However, they are debilitated structures so they can't cause the ailment. The individual’s invulnerable framework acknowledges microorganisms as outside. Those microorganisms implement the human creature to make antibodies which therefore demolish and recollect the microbe’s code. At the point when the genuine disease is assaulting the human, the life form will perceive and kill it, along these lines disposing of it going into cells (The Meningitis Trust 2008). Looking at focal points of the inoculation programs, the first and primary explanation forsupporting such a costly clinical procedure as immunization is the counteraction of the hugemortality and bleakness rates because of transmittable illnesses. Infectious illnesses have constantly formed mankind's history (Poland and Jacobson 2001). In 1998 transmittable sicknesses were positioned second after cardiovascular illnesses among the reasons of passings at 13. 3 million which is 25% of the complete number of passings around the world (Dittman 2001). They were the main enemies of the two kids and grown-ups in creating nations speaking to half of passings. Be that as it may, the development of immunizations changed the circumstance. Such ailments as diphtheria and Haemophilusinfluenzae type B are nearly destroyed, while smallpox has been cleared out. At no other time in mankind’s history wasone of the terminal sicknesses got rid of. Smallpox cases halted totally in the US and the UK by 1971. Undoubtedly, it occurred by 1975. In this manner, in 1980 World Health Organization (WHO)declared all out destruction of smallpox (Payette and Davis 2001). Presently it is just a sickness of noteworthy intrigue (Poland and Jacobson 2001). Considering such a triumph with smallpox, the Expanded Program on Immunisation(EPI) was built up in 1974, and it got one of the best general wellbeing arrangements. During its initial twenty years of functioning,the EPI spared around 3-4 million youngsters per year and there were 1 million less intellectually crippled and truly tested kids (Dittman2001). Hence, the measures, for example, making vaccination obligatory for the kids is significant since by along these lines individuals can dispose of numerous transmittable maladies or spare a huge number of lives. Be that as it may, the modified infection or microbes remembered for the antibody despite everything has the intrinsic capacity to harm an individual’s cerebrum or insusceptible framework, contingent upon whether immunization joined or notand the person’s probability to be in danger in view of their underlying hereditary and biologicalconditions. The way that obligatory vaccination can create inconveniences and passings was acknowledged in the USA in 1986 when the Congress built up an exceptional framework that offers pay to the groups of perished or harmed youngsters and grown-ups. From that point forward, roughly $ 1. 3 billion were dispensed into the program (Murphy 2002). The debilitated microbesare the purposes behind the negative results of inoculation, its symptoms. Each immunization has unfriendly impacts. Pless, Bentsi-Enchill and Duclos (2003, 292) characterize unfriendly responses following an antibodies organization as â€Å"any untoward occasion where the causal relationship bolsters an association†. It implies that unfriendly impact is a troublesome occasion occurred after and brought about by immunization. There are mellow, moderate and serious responses to infusions. Place for Disease Control and Prevention in the USA (2010) claims that there may follow some mellow responses afterDiphtheria, Tetanus and acellular Pertussis immunization (DTaP): fever around 1 youngster in 4, redness or expanding †1 of every 4, irritation and delicacy 1 out of 4, regurgitating - 1 of every 50 and tiredness-1 out of 3. Aside from this there are moderate responses of DTaP immunization, for example, seizureand relentless sobbing for 3 hours. Their frequency rates are 1 out of 14,000 and 1 out of 1,000 individually. At last, serious reactions are introduced by long haul seizures or trance state and changeless cerebrum harm (Center for Disease Control and Prevention 2010). In any case, serious responses are uncommon to the point that it is hard to state whether DTaP immunization caused the response and the pace of these responses doesn't given. Yet, as of late a worry over inoculation wellbeing raised because of relationship of antibodies with serious diseases that weren’t related before to the vaccination reactions. For example, guardians are as yet befuddled about the connection between Measles-Mumps-Rubella antibody and chemical imbalance. Various researchers have verified that chemical imbalance is the symptom of MMR antibody. The University of California(2002, 2)defines chemical imbalance as â€Å"a neurological or cerebrum issue that significantly influences a person’s capacity to impart, structure associations with others and react properly to the environment†. Likewise it is portrayed by tedious practices, irregular development and tangible brokenness. Association between MMR immunization and mental imbalance ought to be deliberately explored in view of two reasons. Right off the bat, in California the pace of the mental imbalance occurrence expanded by 273% during the period somewhere in the range of 1987 and 1998 (Byrd et. al. 2002). A pattern of chemical imbalance increment alludes to different pieces of the world, anyway in various rates. Also, mental imbalance is a debilitating infection. It is hard for groups of medically introverted kids to handle and bear the cost of this issue, since numerous individuals that are sick with mental imbalance remain subordinate all through their entire live. Custom curriculum for such kids costs about $30,000 every year and the yearly expense of care in private schools is $80,000-100,000 (Immunization Safety Review 2004). The connection between the MMR antibody and mental imbalance is workable for three reasons. To begin with, this connection depends on the way that chemical imbalance may be equivalent to the mercury harming (Bernard et. al. 2001). Mercury is a neurotoxic material and furthermore wellspring of genuine medical issues (Redwood, Bernard and Brown 2001). MMR immunization contains a thimerosal additive. Thimerosal is a substance comprising of 49. 6% ethyl mercury (Bernard et. al. 2002). It has been found in the MMR immunization, yet in addition in the majority of Hepatitis B, flu type B and Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis antibodies. Just in 1999 it was shown that newborn children were taking a measure of mercury a lot higher than they ought to be. As indicated by the Centers for Disease Control the edge of presenting to the mercury is 1? g every year, anyway the measure of mercuryin newborn children is 237. 5 ? g during the initial year and a half. Bernard et. al. 2001) express that characteristics of the mercury poi

GRE, MCAT, LSAT, oh my!

GRE, MCAT, LSAT, oh my! When I decided I was going to apply for graduate school after my undergrad, there were so many things I had to consider: where I was going to go, what program I would be doing, and what tests I needed to take. I went to a couple info sessions on grad school, and knew for the program I would be applying for I had to take the GRE. But between the GRE, the GMAT, the MCAT, the LSAT, and more, it’s very easy to get confused on who needs to take what test and why. Think of all of these as the grown up versions of the SAT and ACT. While this probably isn’t (and probably shouldn’t) be on your mind during your high school years, it’s important to know what all these acronyms stand for and when they might come in handy. GRE: Graduate Record Examination What it is: It’s a standardized test with three sections: analytical writing, quantitative reasoning, and verbal reasoning. That’s the fancy way to say an essay, math, and reading/vocab. It can be a bit more challenging for students than ACT/SAT simply due to the fact that you might not have taken a math class since high school! Most colleges offer workshops on what the whole process of signing up, studying for, and taking the exam looks like, so you’re not alone. As with all of these exams, everyone prepares in different ways. Dont be afraid to try a few different techniques and see what works for you. What programs: Your typical masters and doctoral programs Score range: 260-340 for quantitative and verbal combined, 0-6 for writing Time: ~3 hours, 45 minutes Cost: ~$205 MCAT: Medical College Admission Test What it is: Exactly what it sounds like. It contains four sections that roughly break down into chemistry and physics, verbal reasoning, biology and biochemistry, and psychology and sociology. The MCAT is required for almost all medical programs. In addition to the MCAT, most medical programs have requirements for courses, so thats something else to keep in mind. If you utilize Pre-Health advising services at Illinois you’ll get all the info you need about the MCAT early on in your college career. Score range: each section: 118-132, full exam: 472-528 Time: ~7 hours, 30 minutes Cost: ~$315 LSAT: Law School Admission Test What it is: The LSAT contains 5 different sections: logical reasoning, reading comprehension, logic games, writing sample, and an “unscored variable section”. This last section is similar to one of the first three, but is only used to test potential new questions. The writing sample is unscored as well, but is sent along with your scores to whatever schools you apply to. Many pre-law/political science classes cover lots of the types of questions that will be asked on the LSAT; however, many pre-law students still spend up to a year studying for the exam. LSAT scores are often looked at as a good indication to your dedication and future success in law school. Pre-law advising at Illinois has a great blog on what students of any year can do to start preparing. What programs: Law schools Score range: 120-180 Time: ~3 hours, 30 minutes Cost: ~$190 GMAT: Graduate Management Admission Test What it is: The GMAT has 4 sections: an analytical writing assessment, integrated reasoning, quantitative, and verbal. Integrated reasoning is about analyzing data in multiple formats. The other three sections are relatively similar to that of the GRE. While not all business schools require the GMAT, it’s often recommended as it shows commitment to the program and is said to be a good indicator of success in business programs. What programs: Business administration, finance, accountancy masters programs Score range: 200-800 Time: ~3 hours, 30 minutes Cost: ~$250 I hope this helps! Applying to graduate school is a time-consuming process, so its good to get an early start. Knowing what type of test your program will require can allow you to start studying early on, and ease the weight of it later on down the road. But for now focus on your undergrad and keep a planner handy! Alex Class of 2020 After switching majors four times, I've finally fallen in love with what I'm studying: communication in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. I hope hearing about my experiences can put all your worries at ease, because college really isn't as scary as you might think!

Common Medical School Interview Questions and How to Answer Them

In a medical school interview, your interviewers will assess (1) whether you are a good fit for their institution, and (2) whether you will be a good physician. Some questions will be similar to what you’d answer in any other interview (i.e., tell us about yourself). Other questions will be more intense and industry-specific, covering topics like medical ethics and challenges faced by todays doctors. The process can be nerve-wracking, but with solid preparation, you’ll be able to show the committee why you’re worthy of admission. Get started by reviewing our list of common medical school interview questions and how to answer them. Why do you want to be a doctor? This is one of the most important questions in any medical school interview. It’s also a question that the vast majority of applicants answer poorly. Depending on how the rest of your interview goes, a bad answer to this question could tank your entire medical school application.   When interviewers ask this question, theyre looking for an honest and personal response—not a boilerplate answer that could apply to any applicant. Remember, medical school interviewers have already heard every generic answer under the sun, so your response must be unique to you. Your answer should also demonstrate true commitment. Medical school isnt easy, and your answer must show that you are dedicated enough to push through the difficult days. (After all, medical schools arent interested in accepting students who aren’t fully committed.) To prepare for this question, think about your specific reasons for pursuing this career. For example, perhaps a meaningful interaction with a doctor influenced you to learn about medicine in high school, or a personal health scare motivated you to pay it forward by becoming a doctor. Start with a personal experience, then build upon it: what happened after that initial interaction? What actions have you taken since that time?  Dig deep and tell a story that means something to you. Answers to Avoid To help people. This answer is too vague. You can help people in countless other professions. If you give this nonspecific answer, the committee may bring up other careers that help people, like nursing.To make money/have a good career. Many doctors are paid quite well, but money should not be your biggest motivator. And again, the committee may point out the many other career paths in health and elsewhere that pay well too.My family is full of doctors. The committee will wonder if you’re following in your family’s footsteps because that’s what you feel you are supposed to do. Your motivation shouldn’t be derived from the choices of others.Because I love science. Many people love science. That’s why there are scientists. The committee wants to know why you’re interested in this path specifically. Why would you be a good doctor? Before you can answer this question, you need to know what makes a good doctor. Think beyond your personal experience. Research the philosophies of top physicians throughout the centuries. Read what they wrote about their interactions with patients, and notice the characteristics that come up more than once.  Jot down the most frequent characteristics as well as any other characteristics that feel important to you. Once youve created a list, come up with specific ways that you embody each characteristic, drawing upon personal experiences and life events to strengthen your response. For instance, lets say your list of traits includes compassion, humility, curiosity, and communication. In your response, you could describe a time when you showed compassion, explain how your personal history proves that you are a curious and active learner, and share how you have become an effective communicator. Answers to Avoid I work hard. Working hard is important, but being a good doctor requires many more specific traits. Overly general statements like this one suggest that you dont know much about what it takes to be a doctor.I know more about medicine than most of my peers. How much you know about medicine right now, before you even go to medical school, doesnt have much of a bearing on how good of a doctor youll be. What do you think will be the greatest challenge of being a doctor? With this question, the admissions committee is assessing your awareness of yourself and of the realities of the medical profession. To ace this question, youll need to be genuine and realistic. Your answer should demonstrate honesty, personal insight, and a good understanding of the challenges doctors face. Pick a particular issue that you feel would be genuinely challenging for you. Describe the challenge and what you think you would struggle with, but dont stop there. You must also present a potential solution to the issue.   For instance, if you think the greatest challenge is the mental and emotional drain, talk about solutions for keeping your home and work life separate. If you can foresee struggling with the unpredictable schedule, discuss realistic ways you hope to preserve your physical and mental energy. By acknowledging real issues in the profession and talking about how you’d handle them, you’ll demonstrate the maturity and introspection the admissions committee is looking for. Answers to Avoid Talking to patients. Engaging with patients is a big part of the job, and the admissions committee might ask you to reconsider your career choice if you present it as your greatest challenge.Remembering my training. If you foresee yourself forgetting your training on the job, your interviewers may express concern about your ability to work under pressure.Caring too much. This vague answer just wont cut it. If you want to discuss the professions emotional and psychological toll, give a more specific answer, such as mental health or work-life balance. In your view, what is the most pressing problem in medicine today? The admissions committee wants to know that you can speak clearly and competently about a major issue. This question requires you to be informed about current events in the world of health and medicine. Don’t try to wing this one—the admissions panel won’t be impressed with a generic answer.   Pick an issue that you truly care about and start researching. Make sure that you understand all the major angles of the issue, including common arguments on either side of the issue, ethical considerations, potential future impacts, and relevant legislation. In your response, explain why this issue is the most pressing problem and how you see it affecting the healthcare system in the future. Discuss how lawmakers actions are affecting the issue, and explain which solutions you believe have the most potential. You will need to show that you have derived your own position from your knowledge. You should also draw a personal connection to the issue. The issue you choose may be pressing in a large-scale sense, but dont forget to explain why it resonates with you personally, too. Answers to Avoid Very controversial issues. There is a time and place in your interview to discuss controversial topics, but that’s not necessarily what the committee is looking for here.Hyperlocal issues. Its important to be aware of city and state health issues (particularly those that relate to the medical school where you are interviewing), but for this question, you should choose an issue that affects the medical system as a whole.Issues that are too broad. You should be able to give a succinct, concise answer to this question, so dont try to take on too much in just one question. If multiple schools accept you, how will you make a decision? It won’t come as a surprise to the committee that you’ve applied to multiple schools, so don’t worry about disclosing that information. This question isnt a ploy to figure out whether their school is your number one choice or not. The committee wants to find out what qualities you value most when assessing medical school options. Be honest about your decision-making process, and keep the answer relatively short. Start your answer by talking about what you’re looking for in a medical school. Be specific about which opportunities, resources, or values are most important to you. Then, explain what you like about the program youre currently interviewing with. Talk about why you feel the program is a good fit for you, giving specific examples to demonstrate your point. Be genuine and positive, but avoid being excessively effusive, as it may come off as phony. You should also talk briefly about the other schools on your list. Your interviewers know their competition well, so they wont be surprised that other programs have positive qualities. Again, speak to the realities of other programs and why they interest you without excessively praising (or criticizing) them. Answers to Avoid I would pick your school, no question. A complimentary but unsubstantiated response wont win the committee over. They dont need baseless praise; your answer should be substantive and personal.Im just hoping to get into one–Ill go wherever Im accepted. Yes, getting into med school is hard, but the interviewers are asking you to envision a scenario in which youre admitted to more than one school. By rejecting their hypothetical, you forfeit an opportunity to demonstrate your insightful decision-making process. Where do you see yourself in 10 years? Interviewers ask this question in order to learn about your long-term goals. Prepare for this question by mapping out potential â€Å"days in the life† of your future self. When you picture yourself as a working doctor, what do you see yourself doing? Will you be practicing in your field all day? What about research and teaching? You dont necessarily have to talk about a particular specialty—figuring out your specialty is the whole point of med school rotations. However, you should be able to tell the interviewers if you see yourself practicing family medicine in a rural area or performing clinical research in a highly populated urban center. Answers to Avoid Married with children. Avoid answers that revolve around your private life. This question is by nature quite personal, but your answer should be professional and focused on your medical career.Working as a successful doctor. Youre applying to medical school, so your desire to become a doctor is obvious. Your answer should be more specific. Tell us about a time you made a poor professional decision. We’ve all made mistakes, and the best way to answer this question is to face them head-on. However, you still want to make a good impression, and you should approach the question carefully. The committee will imagine whatever behavior you describe in your answer taking place in a medical context, so you shouldnt describe a behavior that would be dangerous or harmful in a medical setting. Your answer should focus on a genuinely unprofessional decision without calling your ethics into question. For most people, poor professional actions include coming in late, â€Å"forgetting† to cover a coworker’s shift, overlooking cultural issues in the workplace, or choosing your own comfort/gain over a customers. The committee, who is made up of real humans, knows nobody is perfect. They want you to reflect on the behavior, describe the changes you’ve made since then, and explain you will take this knowledge into the future. Answers to Avoid A serious ethical violation. Ethical values are essential for doctors. If your answer calls your ethics into question, the interviewers may question your fitness for the medical field. Examples to avoid include embezzling money, stealing, lying about a serious issue, getting into a physical altercation, and violating HIPAA.A non-issue that makes you look good. Working too hard doesnt count as a poor professional decision, and giving this type of non-answer suggests a lack of honesty. Share your thoughts about [ethical issue in health care]. Ethical questions are challenging to answer, simply because there is usually no right or wrong answer.   If you are asked to share your view about an ethical issue like euthanasia or cloning, keep in mind the four principles of medical ethics: justice, non-maleficence, beneficence, and autonomy. These tenets should be the backbone of your response. When preparing for your interview, read a few studies and opinion pieces so that you can present a full picture of all sides of the issue. Your answer should show that you are informed about the issue. You dont have to know everything about every ethical question, but you should have foundational knowledge about the most well-known issues and be able to discuss them intelligently. In your answer, be thoughtful and measured. Evaluate all angles of the issue and discuss what makes the issue so ethically tricky. Express your own opinion and take a stance, but only after exploring all the angles; dont come down hard on one side of the issue right away. Answers to Avoid Being judgmental. Dont condemn or judge people who disagree with you on this ethical issue. As a doctor, you will have to treat all kinds of people—many of whom you will disagree with on various issues—but these differences cannot impact your care in any way. Its important to show the interviewers that you are tolerant and fair-minded.Starting with a strong opinion. The committee is looking for a well-reasoned answer that goes beyond personal biases. You may feel strongly about the issue, and you should state your personal stance, but you have to show that you can see both sides first. Tell me about yourself. Interviewees often dread this big, broad question, and for good reason: it isnt easy to sum up your entire identity on the spot. Thats why its so important to prepare an answer. Most of the interview will be about your educational and professional background and goals. This question, on the other hand, is an opportunity to tell the committee who you really are: your strengths, your personality, and what makes you unique. Did you have a fascinating career before pursuing medical school? Did you grow up in a remote community? Have you traveled to over 100 countries? If theres something about you that always fascinates people, include it in your answer. However, your answer doesnt have to be shocking to be good. Talk about your passion for knitting, your goal of climbing Mount Everest, or your unique family traditions. Pull back the curtain on your inner world so the committee can see you as a fully fleshed-out individual—not just someone who prepared a bunch of great interview answers. Answers to Avoid Reciting your resume. Theres no need to run through your entire professional history out loud—the committee can read it in your resume.Focusing on a single anecdote. You might have an amazing story to share, but dont let it dominate your entire answer. If you want the story to be the backbone of your answer, use the circle-back method: tell the story, move on to other topics, then connect the other topics back to the original story.Giving just the basics. Your life is an interesting fabric of experiences and people. It’s not very interesting to only talk about your hometown and the number of siblings you have.   Additional Questions Ready for more interview prep? Practice answering these 25 additional medical school interview questions. What will you do if you arent accepted to medical school?What makes you special?Identify two of your biggest strengths.Identify two of your biggest weaknesses. How will you overcome them?How will you pay for medical school?If you could change anything about your education, what would it be?Where else are you applying to medical school?Have you been accepted anywhere?What is your first-choice medical school?What do you do in your spare time?What are your hobbies?Are you a leader or a follower? Why?What exposure have you had to the medical profession?Discuss your clinical experiences.Discuss your volunteer work.What do you think you will like most/least about practicing medicine?How are you a good match for our medical school?What are three things you want to change about yourself?What is your favorite subject? Why?How would you describe the relationship between science and medicine?Why do you think you will be successful in coping with the pressure of medical school?Who has most influ enced your life so far and why?Why should we choose you?Some say that doctors make too much money. What do you think?Share your thoughts about [insert policy issue, such as managed care and changes in the US healthcare system].

Top Tips of Essay Topics for Fall of the House of Usher

Top Tips of Essay Topics for Fall of the House of Usher Details of Essay Topics for Fall of the House of Usher He just didn't understand when to stop. Nevertheless, you should have seen me. There are merely a few folks. All this and more will have to continue being unsaid for the time being. The main reason why Roderick prematurely buried his sister isn't as simple to explain. The other few plays take place in many locations throughout the mausoleum and cemetery. Feelings that are due to the manner that Poe writes. A love story, which is wholly absent from Poe's unique tale, is a significant component in the movie. Whereas in the House of Usher there are just a few of these events which take place. The house seems to be solid enough but its exterior is wholly covered in fungus. It's this malady that produces his flawed art which then echoes the story of the home of Usher itself. In The Fall of the home of Usher Poe shows tone and mood in a few ways too. Most people have gotten annoyed with Usher, feeling he is too paranoid. I've included an overview of The Fall of the home of Usher'' just in the event you need reminding. His hearing is now heightened. Finding the Best Essay Topics for Fall of the House of Usher In both these situations, character are in a position to attain a sort of life after death questioning the finality of death. The narrator may be a consequence of a childhood trauma, leading to usher having multiple personality disorder. I am interested in being the one battling. As the parents, hence the children. How to Get Started with Essay Topics for Fall of the House of Usher? In its most fundamental meaning, setting in fiction denotes the time and put where the action of a novel or short story occurs. Because of this, the reader will locate it near impossible to place the story down which is unquestionably a credit to Poe's talent and fashion of writing. 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At the start of the story there's a really negative feeling being attached to the visual appeal of the home. The way it's described and the way it's so mysterious. What Needs to be Done About Essay Topics for Fall of the House of Usher The second is as soon as the narrator notices a fissure running down the center of the house itself. This concept is reinforced when the 2 siblings die together as, when they do, both halves of the home crumble and therefore the reflection disappears as well. He doesn't leave his home and he's got no friends. It turned out to be a little yam bush supporting the backyard wall of his family house.

Concerns Of Gloving Practices Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Globally people populating with HIV positive virus is go oning to turn in 2008, making and estimated of 33.4 million ( 33.1 million-33. We will write a custom essay sample on Concerns Of Gloving Practices Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now 4 million ) . The incidence of freshly infected people populating with HIV virus is increased more than 20 % from 2000, that is the current rate is 2.7 million people. Related deceases are about 2 million, and the prevalence was robustly treble higher than in 1990 ( UNAIDS ) . In Asia entirely the HIV positive incidence rate is 4.7 million, and India being a developing state and one among highest in population rate, HIV population prevalence is high in India with 3.2 million. HIV instances incidence is more seen in Asiatic states, the chief contributing factors for this addition rate of Positive HIV instances are chiefly poorness, some cultural and religious beliefs and practises denial by authoritiess are due to miss of proper instruction and agencies of bar ( T. , 1995 ) As the incidence is more seen in these states the wellness attention professionals responsibilities will be at rise, this leads to a inquiry as how much educated, cognizant and ready are nurses to give attention for the HIV and AIDS patients. Nurses being the largest paramedical professional group of people caring for the patients. Nurses play an of import function in patient attention, as in Acquired immune lack syndrome ( AIDS ) caused by human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) nurses have a major function in patient attention and intervention. As the prevalence of AIDS are more in homosexual work forces and endovenous drug users, the populace is more concerned with the transmittal of this virus and is besides same with the wellness attention professionals as they are besides in menace group sing the concern and intervention of the HIV infected patients. There are many evidentiary surveies published with concern of wellness attention workers like physicians, nurses and paramedical staff of their negative attitudes and concerns sing HIV/AIDS. To be more specific many of these surveies have been more concentrated in the westernized universe. But in contrast, few surveies were published sing Indian nurse ‘s attitude and concerns sing HIV/AIDS. The chief intent of this survey is to To find the concerns, attitudes and workplace patterns of Indian nurses, caring with HIV- positive patients and other biological fluids. To determine that these concerns and attitudes were inter-connected. To happen out the nurses reasonable cognition in HIV and AIDS. As a consequence of this survey, the nurses can better their cognition and supply attention to the HIV and AIDS infected patients with proper average instruction and besides helps in cut downing anxiousness and fright in handling those patients. LITERATURE REVIEW Nurses have the chief function in supplying attention for the patients with HIV/AIDS, but in contrast the surveies conducted in Western states indicate that the nurses are more unwilling, and the wellness professionals does non demo involvement or avoid giving attention to the patients with HIV/AIDS, this is chiefly due to the deficiency of proper insufficient cognition and instruction sing HIV/AIDS. As mainly nurses believe and fear that HIV positive patients are homophobic and contagious. ( Campbell S. , 1991 ) The mean Knowledge and attitudes of the doctors and nurses caring the HIV/AIDS patients turned out to be more in westernised portion of universe United States of America, Canada. And the average mark of cognition and attitude of nurses is really low in the parts of India and Thailand. ( Brachman P. , 1996 ) . Indian and Thailand Nurse are more uncomfortable in handling so HIV Patients when compared to the nurses and doctors from the United States and Canada, This survey clearly identifies the deficiency of proper cognition and attitude of nurses towards the HIV/AIDS patients. A Basic, Post-basic and go oning instruction programme for nurses on HIV/AIDS in western Pacific states like Fiji, Australia, Papua New Guinea, Singapore and Philippines was evaluated and most of these states reportedly have hapless or no criterions for the HIV/AIDS nursing pattern, and due to these unequal installations in the workplace environment, they could non run into the agreed protocols of infection control ( S.B. , 1990 ) . This clearly suggest that the nurse work environment is besides under hazard where nurse play a major portion of function, where they are more susceptible to infection particularly when they are nursing patients like HIV and AIDS patients. A questionnaire developed to indicate out the attitude of nurses towards the attention giving to the patients with HIV seropositive patients, the consequences were clearly demoing the attack of the nurses towards the attention of patients to HIV was declined. As a sum of 323 nurses, more than half of the nurse ‘s respondent that they are non willing to supply attention to the HIV patients if they have an option of giving attention to the patients. And besides the consequences showed that more than one-fourth of nurses wanted to hold an option in giving attention to the patients with HIV and AIDS patients ( Wiley K, 1990 ) . A study conducted by ( P, 1992 ) in an English infirmary with 717 nurses, they were questioned sing the cognition of HIV and AIDS and besides the attitude towards the attention given to the patients to the HIV positive patients. The consequences shows that a 3rd of the nurses respondent that they are non ready to give attention to the patients if they were given an option of caring to patients with HIV and AIDS patients. Another survey conducted to govern out the nurses anxiousness towards caring the HIV positive patients and their ignorance of cognition of the HIV and AIDS, in this the nurses anxiousness was more shown as they refused to care the patients as they demanded that patients should be screened for HIV trial before supplying attention, and besides the wellness workers denying to care the patients with hazard of HIV seropositive ( E, 1988 ) The surveies conducted by ( EC, 1992 ) ( Flaskerud J H, 1989 ) ( Kelly JA, 1988 ) ( D, 1990 ) ( Scherer YK, 1989 ) , indicated chiefly the nurse ‘s fright and anxiousness of HIV transmittal from HIV positive patients to themselves while giving attention. The Centre for Disease Control ( CDC ) estimates that the hazard of transverse infection of HIV transmittal from seropositive patients to wellness attention workers is 1 in 330 as per the co-operative needle stick surveillance group. Stigma and favoritism Acts of the Apostless as a chief barrier to the attention given to the patients with HIV positive patients in India, this favoritism is seen among the medical physicians and nurses in infirmary harmonizing to the research conducted in India by UNAIDS 2001. Rationale Nurses play an of import function in supplying quality attention in assisting HIV positive patients both physically and mentally. The literature reexamine clearly provinces that the nurses need much more instruction and knowledge intercession about caring HIV/AIDS, research to day of the months have clearly mentioned the attitude and concern of nurses sing HIV and AIDS, but at that place surveies were chiefly concentrated in western states where nurses are much good equipped with cognition and with proper medical installations where as in Asiatic states the statistics shows that nurses still persists with a fright for caring HIV and AIDS patients, in this research, the Indian nurses cognition and attitude towards HIV and AIDS are to be taken in the consideration. The nurse in India requires specialised accomplishments, preparation and up to day of the month cognition of all facets of HIV and AIDS. This survey chiefly points out the current and future function of the professional Nurs es in supplying disposed attention to the patients with HIV and AIDS. MANAGING DATA/ TIME RESOURCES The mark samples will be Registered Indian Nurses working in Mahatma Gandhi medical Hospital in India, the nurses selected would be form different field of patterns. A non chance trying or Convenience sampling will be used in choosing nurses. Criteria for inclusion would be the current nurses working in the selected infirmary. Exclusion standards would be nurses with no clinical experience. The information aggregation tool utilised would be a structured questionnaire which would be mailed to respondents. Questionnaire used was antecedently done by the wellness attention workers analyzing writers ( laboratory staff and nurses ) in New Zealand to find cognition attitudes and concerns of nurses in workplace covering with HIV positive biological fluids. ( Siebers R W L, 1992 ) . The cogency of questionnaire determined the United Kingdom nurses relationship between attitude, cognition and extent of contact with HIV and AIDS. ( Robbins I, 1992 ) The questionnaire consisted of five subdivisions. First subdivision would concentrate on the demographical informations -Age -Education, -Professional preparation -Major medical country of pattern -Years of work experience, and -Any nurses late attended workshops or seminars on HIV/AIDS The Second subdivision consists of Yes or No replying inquiries asking nurses sing their gloving pattern while managing biological fluids. The 3rd subdivision would ask for the responses of nurse ‘s in managing different type of biological fluids and specimens. The 4th subdivision would be utilizing a Likert graduated table for response by supplying statements with options of ‘strongly agree ‘ to ‘strongly differ ‘ . The concluding and 5th subdivision concluded with proving the nurse ‘s consciousness of HIV infected biological specimens and methods to destruct the HIV virus. A pilot survey would be conducted here with some qualified nurses here to look into the proper cogency and dependability of the questionnaire. A pilot survey is a little scale version of the research, the chief map is to size up the research and look into for any mistakes. This pilot survey helps in avoiding major errors subsequently in research ( Polit, 1997 ) . After worth the questionnaire will be sent to nurses in India with the proper alterations if required form the consequences obtained from the pilot survey. Nurses will be informed about the survey and its confidentiality. A covering missive will be given to the nurse sing the confidentiality and briefly depicting the usage of the survey. Consent is assumed by finishing a questionnaire. No hazards have been identified by this survey. Through this survey the nurse ‘s cognition towards the HIV and AIDS and their attitude towards the attention given to the patients can be assessed and besides therefore the proper attention and attitude towards the HIV and AIDS patients can be improved in the close hereafter. DATA MANAGMENT Datas collected through questionnaire will be analysed interpreted by utilizing variables and relevant statistics. Entire clip of three months will be needed, directing and acquiring back of the consequences from the survey group. PROPOSED RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Quantitative Study ( Burns, 2001 ) will be used for this survey to quantify factors placing the cognition and attitude of nurses towards the attention given to the HIV and AIDS patients. Quantitative is concerned with the Numberss of facts about people, events or things and set uping the relationship between variables, Descriptive design is utile for this survey as it is placing the current pattern jobs for the nurses caring for HIV and AIDS patients. The chief purpose of the descriptive design is to give an penetration of the respondents about the present survey. ( Burns, 2001 ) .Survey method will be used to administer the questionnaire, by the methods of get offing or emailing the inquiries to the Nurses ( Polit, 1997 ) . Non Probability or convenience sampling is utile for this survey as size of the population is impossible to place. De Vos ( 1998:191 ) . Summary As seen from the addition incidence of HIV and AIDS patients all over the universe. The wellness professionals should be good equipped and knowing to confront the fortunes. As nurses being the largest group in paramedical services they play a major function in caring the HIV positive patients. This survey chiefly concentrates on the degree of cognition and attitudes and concerns of the nurses handling the HIV and Aids patients, by which it helps in understanding the barrier of attention. By which nurses can be given proper in service instruction and cut out the spread between the attention given to the patients with HIV and AIDS. Nurses being in a medical profession should hold up to day of the month cognition sing a disease status and demand to be ready to give attention to the patient. How to cite Concerns Of Gloving Practices Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

The Prophet Muhammad Achievements

Introduction Throughout the history of mankind the messengers of God’s divine message have been reduced to victims of violence and ridicule; from Adam to Muhammad this trend has been repeated. Many achievements in this world can be attributed to the Prophet Muhammad (SAW)(Cheema 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Prophet Muhammad Achievements specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Generally speaking, Prophet Muhammad was a great benefactor of mankind and this discussion will seek to understand the person that he was, especially in light with this age where narrow-mindedness and prejudice has caused the teaching of the great Prophet to be misunderstood. Therefore, it’s important to independently look at the character and the person that the prophet was and hence this article. Discussion Prophet Muhammad was the last prophet of God according to The Quran, the Muslims holy book. Prophet Muhammad was bor n the year 560 AD in the city of Mecca Saudi Arabia. Muhammad was raised by his uncle Abu Taib after he became an orphan at an early age. No documentation exist indicating whether he received a formal education in regards to reading and writing, however as illustrated by The Quran the experience between the Prophet and Angel Gabriel demonstrates that he didn’t receive any formal education(Kathir 190). In the region that Prophet Muhammad originated from, immorality, cruelty, polytheism, idol worshiping and illiteracy existed at a very high rate. Slavery on its part had become so rampant on that part of the world. Prophet Muhammad was a soft spoken young man who kept aloof from those who participated in paganism and the rituals associated with the region at that time.He began to preach about the existence of only on God –Allah and at the age of 40 after he received his first revelation (Kathir 191). His preaching of the existence of only one God attracted opposition from the pagans of Mecca (Quraysh).They offered him gifts, power, honor and material things in the hope that he would abandon his preaching and instead preach about the idols. The prophet refused this offer stating that he would never renounce his mission even if the sun will be put on his right hand and the moon on his left hand. Having taken this stance he and his followers were banished from Mecca after being tortured and some of them being brutally killed by the Quraysh. He immigrated to Medina where he established himself after being warmly welcomed (Azzam 14).Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The pagans of Mecca were determined to root out the new religion forcing Muhammad to defend himself in several wars. He was successful in his defense, with the help of a small force, 10,000 followers; he was able to defeat a huge, well equipped and well trained force (Rizvi 13). Near th e end of his life he returned to Mecca, his hometown where he took over it and declared a general amnesty for everyone including those who had committed serious crimes. He brought law and order within a short period of ten years to people who were well known for lawlessness, immorality and ignorance. From there, Islam spread to the greater part of Arabia and now to all corners of the world. No man with Muhammad’s accomplishments as yet again been produced to the world. The Prophet had uncountable accomplishments in his life live alone the world, including but not limited to being a prophet, judge, reformer, political leader and a moralist. Besides these accomplishments he was a person of exemplary character who practiced what he preached as demonstrated in the Hadiths. He had the best morals characterized by truthfulness, forgiveness humbleness and many others. The prophet Muhammad had a great love for the almighty God. For majority of his life since he was a child, he dedica ted his life to trying to establish a close relationship with God by praying, fasting and spending a lot of time supplicating to him. The Prophet frequented a cave in Hira where he often went to fast and pray. It was during such a situation when he received his first revelation from God (Cheema 2). During hardships and suffering the prophet showed a lot of patience and nothing took hold of him as he was never discouraged by adverse conditions or personal desires. Besides the death of his father and later his grand father, the prophet had been faced by the death of several of his wives including Khadija and seven of his children. Nonetheless the Prophet remained very patient and dignified in his manners, a character not observed in the people around him, this character was demonstrated in one of the occasion that he admonished a woman who was occupied in loud mourning of the death of her child to which the Prophet told her to be patient and accept gods will, not knowing that she was talking to a Prophet of God, the woman told him that he(the Prophet) couldn’t understand the pain that comes with losing a child as he had never lost any to which the Prophet told her that he had lost seven children(Cheema 5).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Prophet Muhammad Achievements specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Muslims have been enjoined by the Prophet to treat the poor kindly as narrated by Abu Said Al-Khudri, the Prophet encouraged Muslims to help other Muslims by giving them clothes, foods and drinks and in return they will be rewarded in paradise by being given cloths by green garments of paradise, fruits of paradise and pure wine (Cheema 11) Acquisition of wealth is not discouraged by the Prophet or prohibited but instead he insists that they should be acquired lawfully and a part of it given to the poor. Throughout his life the Prophet encouraged hard work, independence and nobleness of the people. He encouraged charity; the Prophet was relatively rich, however in his house he never for more than a day remained without distributing his wealth to charity, the Prophet mostly used his wealth to please God (Cheema 12). Conclusion Millions of people all over the world still love and adore Prophet Muhammad(saw), he has changed the lives of many including women by bringing respect and dignity to them. Islam’s foundation is based on His believes and teachings and it is for this reason that the barriers of tribalism, racism, power and wealth have been able to be broken. The destiny of humanity is still largely influenced by his revolution and the document which bears God’s message sent through him, Quran, continue to bring wisdom, guidance, and influence to all men all over the world. Philosophers, historians, students of religion, leaders, Muslims and non-Muslims alike continue to acknowledge and admire the Prophet thousands of years after his death (Akhtar 10). Works Cited Akhtar S.H. Prophet Muhammad.Austin Texas.2009, Web.6 Oct.2011. Azzam K.A.Life of The Prophet Muhammad.New York.June 2003. Web.6 Oct 2011.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cheema M.A.The Holy Prophet Muhammad.New York:Hart publishiung,Sep 2001.Web.6 Oct 2011. Kadhir I.A.Stories of The Prophets,Al Azhar(Trans).Riyadh:Darusalam, 2005.Web.6 Oct.2011. Rizvi S.S.The Life of Muhammad the Prophet.TZ:Oxford publishing,June 2009.Web.6 Oct 2011. This essay on The Prophet Muhammad Achievements was written and submitted by user Christina Wagner to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Female circumcision essays

Female circumcision essays Female circumcision is one of the more harmful traditions still practiced in many parts of the developing world. The custom involves removing some or most of the external female genitalia, usually accompanied by a traditional ceremony, and generally before the girl reaches puberty (Long 2000). The term genital mutilation has increasingly been used to try to indicate the tragic effects of the more drastic forms of female circumcision. The practice of female circumcision should be abolished because of its harmful effects on those subjected to it. The different sector of society around the world should unite and carefully study the problem to formulate a solution and held eradicate the harmful traditional practice. Recently, there has been great interest in the subject where it is widespread such as Africa, Indonesia, and Sudan. The purpose of discussing this sensitive topic is to focus attention to the harmful effects this practice has on the health of women and children. It is also important to mention that female circumcision is a major health problem, the management of which constitutes an immense burden on the already strained health facilities of those countries in which the circumcisions are practiced. Female circumcision is usually performed on girls at the age of seven or eight years old; although, some African tribes operate on infants while older societies operate on young adult women. Circumcision is a traditional performed by birth attendants, midwives or an elder. These people in the village may have experience; yet, no appropriate medical training. In most circumcisions, the quack doctor, operates under poor hygienic conditions using non-sterile knifes or sometimes a sharp stone without anesthesia. According to Smucker, the severity of the operation is generally differentiated into four basic types. Type one is the equivalent to male circumcision and consists of cutting the clitoral prepuce circumfe...

Short Writing and Discussion Topics for ESL

Short Writing and Discussion Topics for ESL The idea of this exercise is to get students to quickly write about a topic they choose (or you assign). These short presentations are then used in two manners; to generate spontaneous conversations on a wide range of topics, and to take a look at some common writing problems. Aim: Working on common writing mistakes - generating conversation Activity: Short intensive writing exercise followed by a discussion Level: Intermediate to upper-intermediate Outline Variation 1: Tell students that they will have exactly five minutes (reduce or extend the writing time as you feel is appropriate) to write about a subject on the list that you are going to give them.Variation 2: Cut the list of topics into strips and hand a different topic to each student. Tell students that they will have exactly five minutes (reduce or extend the writing time as you feel is appropriate) to write about the topic you have given them.Explain that students shouldnt worry about their writing style, but, rather, they should focus on quickly writing down their feelings about the topic they have chosen (or you have assigned).Have each student read what he or she has written to the class. Ask the other students to write down two questions based on what they hear.Have the other students ask questions about what they have heard.During the course of this exercise, take notes on common mistakes that occur in student writings.At the close of this exercise, discuss the common mi stakes you have taken not of with the students. In this manner, no student feels singled out and all students benefit from learning about typical writing mistakes. Writing Storms The best thing to happen to me today The worst thing to happen to me today Something funny that happened to me this week What I really hate! What I really like! My favorite thing A surprise I had A landscape A building A monument A museum A memory from childhood My best friend My boss What is friendship? A problem I have My favorite TV show My son My daughter My favorite grandparent

Assigment 7 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assigment 7 - Assignment Example aware and hiding it for the sake of company profits, I would approach the boss and failure of co-operation from him would lead to approaching the press. This is because there are already measures in place to deal with global warming, which makes it irrational to risk killing 200,000 annually in Hover-Vehicle accidents even though they will eliminate global warming. My personal ethical philosophy stems from the concept of doing unto others as you would they to you, guided by the biblical teaching of loving one’s neighbor as you love yourself. Therefore, if I had the second ring, the first thing I would think about is what another person would do to me if they had it. Not wishing harm upon myself, I would, therefore, not harm anyone with the ring. The concept of ethics informs on the defense and recommendation of right conduct as opposed to wrong (Vendemiati, 2004). This helps to explain this fictitious

Book Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Book Review - Essay Example Frustrated from being treated as losers, some students took extreme steps like injuring others and more dangerously killing fellow students and others. If we start analyzing the issue from the root cause, we can understand the reasons why children at young age or adolescents develop the tendencies like harassment, discrimination, maltreatment, singling out, humming and hounding which is nothing but bullying. It is clearly understood that bullying has many forms of intriguing aspects related to it. Boys or girls may start at a tender age but it has its own reasons for such strange behavior. The major reasons for children start bullying depends on the characters of parents and teachers etc., since these are the immediate guardians to the children, if not this parents or teachers at school whoever are close to the children with respect to time get to influence them. Human beings develop or grow by observing the surroundings and so they are called as social animals. Bullying is not what which is imbibed by birth, the situations and people around them make children harass whoever comes in contact with them. Children at young age don’t have that much understanding to differentiate between genders or elderly people, teachers, family members and friends are the easiest scapegoats. The beginning of bullying may start from people surrounding the child start interfering in their matter and trying to alter their thoughts and at the same time molding them in a way what their parent or guardians need their wards to grow. This noble effort may be a good weapon to blend their children into a multi-talent adolescent, but it may have serious consequences if the child is already preoccupied by thoughts of his own. At this time if someone tries to interfere with their thoughts and intentions, emotions that may burst paving a way of bullying whoever tries to bother them. The greatest responsibility of molding

The Importance of Ecumenism

The Importance of Ecumenism That they all may be one; as you, Father, are in me, and I in you, that they also may be one in us: that the world may believe that you have sent me (John 17:21) Ecumenism must always be a concept that is central to good Christian living; it is a concept that should be alive and active and a concept that should always be served effectively through thought, through word and through action. Ecumenism is a word that is mentioned a lot within the wider universal church, but what exactly is it? What does it mean, and does it really matter? It is a concept within the Christian faith that aims to restore unity both amongst and within different Christian denominations. Central to the concept of ecumenism are the themes of unity, fellowship and collaboration. Christian unity and thus ecumenism is something that all Christians should be concerned with. For Catholics, ecumenism should be considered a vital mission of the Church, for it was Christ who gave us the gift of unity and thus all of us should strive to enhance, restore and maintain this gift as appropriate. In recent times, more than ever before, He has been rousing divided Christians to remorse over their divisions and to a longing for unity. Everywhere large numbers have felt the impulse of this grace, and among our separated brethren also there increases from day to day the movement, fostered by the grace of the Holy Spirit, for the restoration of unity among all Christians. This movement toward unity is called ecumenical (U.R., 1964). Quite often as Christians it can be all too easy for each of us to identify the divisions and obstacles between ourselves and those of other Christian denominations, but what unites us is far stronger than what divides us. If Christians are to be truly ecumenical in their outlook, then better relationships and better understandings of different Christian perspectives are essential both from an internal and external perspective on the part of the individual. Catholics in particular should remember that within the Roman Catholic Church there are many different rites and that while all are focused on the same God adored in three persons, the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit, the different rites are often unique in terms of aspects of heritage, liturgy, tradition, customs and cultures. The key word with regard to the uniqueness of the different rites within the Catholic Church and between other Christian denominations is diversity and diversity should be a source of celebration and rejoicing rather than division and separation. The Ordinariate, for example, as a rite within the Catholic Church has a style and patrimony that is distinct from other rites and groups within the wider Catholic Church and what is important to remember is that diversity is not a bad thing but it is a good thing. Rather than looking at diversity as something that prevents unity or acts as a barrier to it, we should come to understand and appreciate that diversity is actually something that seeks to enhance unity. The Catholic Church embraces with hope the commitment to ecumenism as a duty of the Christian conscience enlightened by faith and guided by love. Here too we can apply the words of Saint Paul to the first Christians of Rome: Gods love has been poured into our hearts through the Holy Spirit; thus our hope does not disappoint us (Rom 5:5). This is the hope of Christian unity, which has its divine source in the Trinitarian unity of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit (U.U.S., 1995). In a society where the message of the Gospels appears to be absent in so many ways, all Christian denominations should seek to work together to be people of faith in what can often be a dark and troubled world. Spreading the message of Jesus to those around us is part of our duty as Christians. We must also see the face of God in all of those around us and constantly seek to do what is right and just. For Catholics, working and engaging positively and in cooperation with other Christian denominations who worship or pray in a different manner from ourselves and who express their faith in different ways is essential for unity. What is important is that God must always be our focus, that individuals should strive to be dignified and reverent in their own style of worship and prayer. Further to this, Catholics should acknowledge their duty to engage with other Christian denominations at every opportunity. This can be through local partnerships and national initiatives, there are many opportunities for Catholics to engage with other Christians in a unified manner. For they are of the opinion that the unity of faith and government, which is a note of the one true Church of Christ, has hardly up to the present time existed, and does not to-day exist. They consider that this unity may indeed be desired and that it may even be one day attained through the instrumentality of wills directed to a common end, but that meanwhile it can only be regarded as mere ideal. They add that the Church in itself, or of its nature, is divided into sections; that is to say, that it is made up of several churches or distinct communities, which still remain separate, and although having certain articles of doctrine in common, nevertheless disagree concerning the remainder; that these all enjoy the same rights; and that the Church was one and unique from, at the most, the apostolic age until the first Ecumenical Councils. Controversies therefore, they say, and longstanding differences of opinion which keep asunder till the present day the members of the Christian fami ly, must be entirely put aside, and from the remaining doctrines a common form of faith drawn up and proposed for belief, and in the profession of which all may not only know but feel that they are brothers. The manifold churches or communities, if united in some kind of universal federation, would then be in a position to oppose strongly and with success the progress of irreligion (M.A., 1928) The need for greater care and attention to be shown to the whole human race is very much apparent in todays society and through common fellowship centred on Jesus Christ; Christians of all denominations can be a common and unified voice of faith in our society. The voice of Christians who are united is one that can promote the values of honesty, integrity, kindness, compassion, support and sensitivity throughout society and can show to society as a whole that valuing the human dignity and worth of every single person is something of great importance. The path to full Christian unity is an ongoing journey, but all of us must respect our brothers and sisters of different denominations, remembering that unity is something desired by God. Christ bestowed unity on his Church from the beginning. This unity, we believe, subsists in the Catholic Church as something she can never lose, and we hope that it will continue to increase until the end of time.Christ always gives his Church the gift of unity, but the Church must always pray and work to maintain, reinforce, and perfect the unity that Christ wills for her. This is why Jesus himself prayed at the hour of his Passion, and does not cease praying to his Father, for the unity of his disciples: That they may all be one. As you, Father, are in me and I am in you, may they also be one in us, . . . so that the world may know that you have sent me.The desire to recover the unity of all Christians is a gift of Christ and a call of the Holy Spirit. (C.C.C., 2011) It is fantastic that the Year of Mercy was embraced by both Catholics and non-Catholics alike and even though the Year of Mercy has now officially ended, its legacy will live on for many years to come. In order for us all to be able fully to embrace the concept of Christian unity, forgiveness and mercy must be central elements in our approach to the idea of unity with all of us remembering that unity is like teamwork, it gives us all the potential to allow us to achieve far more collectively than we can on an individual level. In addition to physical action, prayer is a key component in achieving Christian unity. It is though prayer that we become closer to God and while praying may not always be easy, it is a way in which all of us can truly open our hearts and minds to God. Praying for Christian unity is something of great importance and is something we should all try to do, as is praying with our fellow Christians. We must remember that unity begins at the foot of the cross. As with teamwork, unity is a collective effort that has the potential to achieve far more than can be achieved on an individual level. As individuals, we are all precious in the eyes of God, we are all equal and though Christian unity we can all seek to glorify God in collective and sincere manners. Striving for unity both within the Catholic Church and within the Christian faith as a whole must continue. The challenges and barriers to unity must be constantly worked on in order for unity to be achieved. All of us have our part to play, through prayer, acknowledgement, understanding, appreciation, engagement and fellowship with all Catholics and people of the Christian faith. Ecumenism should not be seen as a trivial matter as its aim is ultimately for us all to be one, one with each other and one with God, the father of all. Christian unity is something all Christians should be concerned with. Perhaps we should all ponder on the first few words of Psalm 132 Behold how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity. All Bible quotes are from The Jerusalem Bible. Catechism Catholic Church, 2011. YOUCAT. English Language ed. s.l.:Catholic Truth Society. Web resourses: internet source 1: John Paul II, 1995. Ut Unum Sint (25 May 1995) | John Paul II. Available at: http://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_25051995_ut-unum-sint.html[Accessed 10th February 2017]. Internet source 2: Pius XI, 1928. Mortalium Animos (January 6, 1928) | PIUS XI.Available at: http://w2.vatican.va/content/pius-xi/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xi_enc_19280106_mortalium-animos.html[Accessed 11th February 2017]. Internet source 3: Vatican II, 1964. Unitatis redintegratio. Available at: http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decree_19641121_unitatis-redintegratio_en.html[Accessed 10th February 2017]. Word count 1125.

How effective is tuberculosis (TB) treatment in less economically developed countries?

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that is caused by several bacteria called ‘Tubercle bacillus’. The bacterium were discovered and named as a cause of TB in 1882 by the German Biologist Robert Koch. Tubercle bacillus is a small and extremely dangerous bacterium; it has a long life span and can survive for months in dryness and resist mild disinfectants (Stefan, 2000). TB is a contagious disease which spreads in similar way to common cold and flu viruses; the bacteria are transferred from host to host in small droplets. There are numerous types of TB, of which Pulmonary TB is one. It can be transferred when an infected person sneezes, coughs or spits and an uninfected person comes into contact with the droplets, for example in saliva (Stefan, 2000). Symptoms The symptoms of this disease are severe coughing including bloody mucus, chest pains, shortness in breathe, fever, weight loss and sweating. The secondary infection affects the immune system, bones and gut. The most common scenario when infected with TB is when a person contacts it following another disease or infection which has weakened the immune system. For example when a person has the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) their immune system is weakened; people with HIV therefore show an increased rate of TB infections. Only when you show symptoms of TB can you infect others (Ottenhoff and Kaufmann, 2012). Organ infected by tuberculosis TB is an extremely harmful disease cause by microorganisms called ‘Tubercle bacillus’. It harms many organs in the human body. It mainly affects the lung (as shown in figure 1) and that is called ‘pulmonary tuberculosis’ the initial symptom last up to 6/7 months. During this long time period the immune system fights of the disease and bacterium. After that period and the immune system resisting the disease some particles of the bacteria escapes into the bloodstream, this is then carried around the body. Usually the immune system cannot stop the bacteria and leads to being untreated. If left untreated for a long period of time then the environment in the body is perfect for the bacteria to multiple, this is extremely dangerous as the tissues of the organ for example; the tissue of the lung may become infected. When the lung is infected it results in destruction in the respiratory system. It is important this is not left unattended as it will cause permanent s carring to the tissues of organs. Diagnosis The main method of diagnosing TB is a harmless skin test. This is performed by injecting a small amount of fluid under the skin around the forearm; this is a special fluid containing a protein copied from the microorganism Tubercle bacillus. After a few days the area where the fluid was injected is visually scanned. To determine whether you have the infection the scientist will measure the diameter and hardness of skin where the injection was placed. If the area if hard and the skin appears to be raised it will mean you have a bacterial protein present in your body. The redness in the area injection is not taken in to account. With this test it is possible to get false positive, for example a negative test does not mean you do not have TB. If the test is positive a chest x-ray will be taken to assess whether the TB infection is active (see figure 1). Areas affected by tuberculosis TB was a main cause of death in the late 19th century and early 20th century. TB still occurs in humans worldwide but more concentrated in many developing countries and kills 4 out of 10 people who are infected. Figure 2 shows that over 15 years (1990 to 2005) the estimated TB incidence rate global has not changed much, with incidence in Europe slowly increasing whilst staying below the global average. In Africa however the estimated incidence has remained above the global average. Figure 2 also demonstrates that having human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a risk factor for being infected with TB. HIV is a condition which affects a person immune system, and so makes suffers more vulnerable disease. Therefore attempting to reduce the prevalence of HIV could also reduce the rate of TB in Africa population. This is a social problem as HIV is spread by contact with bodily fluid from a HIV suffer, therefor social education programs about safe conduct with HIV suffers could help reduce both disease and HIV. However the data (fig 2) only shows up to 2005. More recent data would be needed to see how the rates have changed from 2005-present. suffers more vulnerable disease. There is also a correllation between TB and economic condition. Hihgest incidences are seen in africa, where the gross domestic product (GDP) is low. The world health organisation (WHO) predicted that 8 million people per annum contract TB, 95% of these cases are found in developing countries. It is estimated that 3 million perople die from TB every year, which means the 4 put of 10 people infected from developing countries die each year. Immigration (process of relocation permanently to a foreign country or area) is increasing which leads to countries that usually have relatively low incidence of TB reporting an increase in the number if case per annum. TB is often referred to as a disease of poverty because it is common in developing countries. TB is transmitted in those conditions with areas that are overcrowded, have poor ventilation and a lack of nutrients in their diet. Living in an overcrowded area increases the risk of contracting TB as the airborne droplets are able spread faster; an example of this would be an overcrowded area such as a prison. Groups who have the largest chances of catching the disease are those who have close contact with infected persons over a long period of time and live in a poorly ventilated room. Figure 3 shows clearly that the continent of Africa has the highest number of TB cases in its population. There is a link between poverty and TB. This is because the population there is living in a poor lifestyle or HIV is very common. As discussed above, HIV makes a person vulnerable to TB because it weakens the immune system. Another reason for this economic link could be that hard manual workers, with lower economic status, often live on a diet with fewer nutrients, which also weakens the immune system, leaving a person more vulnerable to TB. Because this is a disease of poverty’ there are economic implications; the countries affected have no money to invest in finding treatment and research. The burden then falls on more economically developed countries. However because of the benefits being gained from this; pharmaceuticals companies invest little money into TB research. The reliability of fig 3 on the estimated of the cases varies depending on the sources. Economically developing countries have easy access to medical data, e.g. NHS in UK. However data on less economically developed countries is less reliable due to less health services. 1.2 Different types of antibiotics Isoniazoid is the drug most commonly used to treat TB, and is the most effective. Isoniazoid is bactericidal (capable of killing bacteria and viruses), non-toxic, easy to access and inexpensive. The usual dosage is 3 to 5mg/kg body mass produced in a peak concentration. The drug is effective because it travels throughout the entire body, including the cavities. The drug concentration is alike to the concentration found in the serum. Rifampin is also a bactericidal for TB. Like Isoniazoid it is non-toxic and is easy to access. It is effective as it is absorbed quickly from the stomach lining and intestines. After a few hours the serum concentration increases; when digested it absorbs into the tissues and cells. It can have very bad side affects even though the drug is a protein bound. The most common side effect is damage to the stomach lining. Other side effects include skin irritation, yellow urine, nausea and joint pain. These side effects are quite rare. TABLE!!!!! Development in treatment for TB The technology and knowledge about TB is increasing. There are number of new drugs tested, including amikacin, quinolones, rifamycin derivatives, clofazimine, and beta-lactams. They have all been tested separately but have not been tested in a multidrug regimen for treating TB. The recent increase in the occurrence of multi drug resistant TB creates an increase in the need to consider multi drug regimen as a treatment option. While all these medication have been tested none of them have been evaluated as a well designed drug. Appropriate dosage and intervals for the use of these drugs for TB has not yet be established. However WHO reported that only 1 anti-TB drug has actually come on the market in the last 28 years. This is said to be because pharmaceutical companies have lost interest in TB research because there is little or no profit associated with it (Blanc and Nun, 2000). However the source is from 2000; not up to date. New drugs for TB could have be reported after the time pe riod 2000. Vaccination There is only one vaccination for TB available and it is called bacillus calmette Guerin (BCG) (see figure 4). Scientist began testing between 1921 and 1924 on animal models which raised ethical concerns as many deemed testing on animals wrong, therefore BCG was considered a controversial drug. Throughout testing of the BCG vaccine promising results were found, and it was therefore distributed worldwide as an effective treatment for TB. Today BCG is regarded as the most widely used vaccine, and is being provided to less economically developed countries as a quick way of curing TB; this excludes people with HIV. The use of BCG vaccination faces some problems as it uses a live form of TB, the BCG is therefore not suitable for use in patients with HIV as they already have a compromised immune system, so exposing them to a live virus increases their chances of becoming infected with TB. Many vaccinations against TB are being developed. The most popular vaccine is the subunit vaccine. This vaccine is a protein obtained from the disease TB. Using a mixture of these proteins has shown good results. As it is a cellular vaccine and does not pose a risk of causing the disease. A DNA bases vaccine has been tested and has also showed promising results. The vaccine uses DNA as a system to deliver TB antigens. The DNA based vaccine does not have any problem with where the disease first originates and induces long lasting immunity. Several trails with DNA vaccination have shown protection against TB. It does this by releasing more concentrated ‘lymphocytes’ blood cells and are more effective towards the infected cells. Within the next few years, these vaccines should be available and safe for testing on human specimens. When a clinical trial is set up it is always in a lab, firstly on animals. This data is deemed reliable as it is done in a lab, but requires further human testing before data is valid for human treatment. Conclusion â€Å"We cannot win the battle against HIV/AIDs if we do not also fight TB. TB is too often a death sentence for people with HIV/AIDs† – Nelson Mandela XV international AIDs conference, Bangkok,July 2004 There is a link between developing countries and the prevalence of TB. Ways to prevent this could be to provide new-borns with a vaccine against TB; however that could bring the risk of the new-born being infected with the active disease if their immune system is weak.

Obedience A Moral Virtue - 1786 Words

Obedience: a moral virtue which society places significant importance to, for to obey is â€Å"as basic an element in the structure of social life† (Milgram, 1963). Yet, such a virtue possesses a dark side as well coined as â€Å"destructive obedience† by Stanley Milgram. It is defined as â€Å"a set of behaviours of uncritical acceptance of immoral or illegitimate requests by an authority† (Pozzi et al, 2014, p. 19). Evidence of this is omnipresent in the history of mankind, as was seen prominently in the Second World War and the Vietnam War, and even up to the present time, particularly in the Middle East, where world leaders and military leaders alike order their people to commit heinous acts, which led to the deaths of many innocent people. Even in†¦show more content†¦Conscientiousness, according to this model, is defined as someone who values order, duty, self-discipline, and achievement (McCrae John, p. 178, 1992; Ha et al, 2013). Hence, those h igh in conscientiousness are revered by society as they seem to promote prosocial behaviour. Hence, it is no surprise that it is a characteristic valued particularly by East Asian collectivistic cultures, which is evident in their political ideologies (Kim, Atkinson, Yang, 1999). They are also individuals who are â€Å"likely to invest in religious beliefs and practices† (Saroglou, 2010). In addition to this, conscientious people tend to live longer as they are more informed and more in control of their emotional and cognitive processes (Terracciano et al, p. 625, 2008). Interestingly, conscientious people â€Å"may experience internal conflict between concern for the self and concern for others† (Reisert Comte, 2004, p. 75), which makes them an interesting prospect for the study of obedience. As someone who values order and duty, they are expected to be submissive to authority figures (Begue et al, 2015, p.299). For instance, they are more likely to participate in c ivic duty than participate in activities â€Å"that are not necessarily linked to social norms,† such as protesting (Ha et al, p. 516, 2013), for protesting creates disorder and defies their sense of duty (Kandola Egan, 2014). InShow MoreRelatedâ€Å"Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem† Disobedience as a Phycological Moral Problem by Erich Fromm796 Words   |  4 PagesDISOBEDIENCE AS A PSYCHOLOGICAL AND MORAL PROBLEM 1 â€Å"Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem† Erich Fromm Summaries Name Class Professor Date DISOBEDIENCE AS A PSYCHOLOGICAL AND MORAL PROBLEM 2 â€Å"Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem† Erich Fromm Erich Fromm’s essay â€Å"Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem† suggests that humankind’sRead MoreDisobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem780 Words   |  4 PagesDISOBEDIENCE AS A PSYCHOLOGICAL AND MORAL PROBLEM 2 â€Å"Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem† Erich Fromm Erich Fromm’s essay â€Å"Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem† suggests that humankind’s evolution has, and continues to rely on man’s capability to exercise disobedience. 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Performance Readiness And Leadership Styles - 852 Words

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